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Tabla 3. Requerimientos de electrolitos, Vitaminas y Micronutrientes en NP: neonatos
de pretérmino y término
Preterm Neonates
Term Neonates
Route of
Administration
Parenteral
Enteral
Parenteral
Enteral
Vitamins
Vitamin A
700–1500 IU/kg/d 700–1500 IU/kg/d 2300 IU/d
1333 IU/d
400 mcg/d
Vitamin D
40–160 IU/kg/d 150–400 IU/kg/d
goal 400 IU/d
400 IU/d
400 IU/d
Vitamin E
2.8–3.5 IU/kg/d 6–12 IU/kg/d
7 IU/d
6 IU/d
Vitamin K
10 mcg/kg/d in PN
+ 500 mcg IM at
birth
8–10 mcg/kg/d 200 mcg/d
+ 500 mcg IM at
birth
2 mcg/d
Thiamin
200–350 mcg/kg/d 180–240 mcg/kg/d 1.2 mg/d
0.2 mg/d
Riboflavin
150–200 mcg/kg/d 250–360 mcg/kg/d 1.4 mg/d
0.3 mg/d
Niacin
4–6.8 mg/kg/d
3.6–4.8 mg/kg/d 17 mg/d
2 mg/d
Vitamin B6
150–200 mcg/kg/d 150–210 mcg/kg/d 1000 mcg/d
14 mcg/kg/d
Folate
56 mcg/kg/d
25–50 mcg/kg/d 140 mcg/d
65 mcg/d
Vitamin B12
0.3 mcg/kg/d
9.3 mcg/kg/d
1 mcg/d
0.4 mcg/d
Pantothenic acid 1–2 mg/kg/d
1.2–1.7 mg/kg/d 5 mg/d
1.7 mg/d
Biotin
5–8 mcg/kg/d
3.6–6 mcg/kg/d 20 mcg/d
5 mcg/d
Vitamin C
15–25 mg/kg/d 18–24 mg/kg/d 80 mg/d
40 mg
Trace Elements
Iron
100–200 mcg/kg/d
if PN only >2 mo
2000–4000 mcg/
kg/d
250–670 mcg/kg/d
if PN only >2 mo
2000–4000 mcg/
kg/d
Zinc
400 mcg/kg/d
1000–3000 mcg/
kg/d
250 mcg/kg/d
2000 mcg/d
Copper
a
29 mcg/kg/d
120–150 mcg/kg/d 20 mcg/kg/d
200 mcg/d
Selenium
1.5–4.5 mcg/kg/d 1.3–4.5 mcg/kg/d 2 mcg/kg/d
15 mcg/d
Chromium 0.05–0.3 mcg/kg/d 0.1–2.25 mcg/kg/d 0.2 mcg/kg/d
0.2 mcg/d
Molybdenum 0.25 mcg/kg/d
0.3 mcg/kg/d
0.25 mcg/kg/d
2 mcg/d
Manganese
1 mcg/kg/d
0.7–7.5 mcg/kg/d 1 mcg/kg/d
0.3 mcg/d
Iodine
b
1 mcg/kg/d
10–60 mcg/kg/d 1 mcg/kg/d
110–130 mcg/d
IM, intramuscular; IU, International Unit; PN, parenteral nutrition.
a
Copper dose may need to be removed or reduced in infants with obstructive jaundice. Check serum copper
and ceruloplasmin concentration to determine need for dose change.
b
Insufficient data at this time to support routine parenteral iodine supplementation in preterm infants.
Vanek V, et al. Nutr Clin Pract 2012;27:440-91.